Remedies
These are actions or decisions a person that has been harmed can get through the process. They also include the actions that can be taken against the person who has caused harm.
An administrative system
This is a system that makes decisions that impact a person within a certain role or scope. This is more limited than the civil and criminal systems that impact people outside of their roles/across their roles.
In This Document:
US Center for Safe Sport (USCSS)
USCSS is an independent nonprofit organization that prevents and responds to abuse and misconduct in the U.S. Olympic and Paralympic Movement
International Federations (IFs)
International Federations are non-governmental organizations that govern a specific sport on a global scale, creating and enforcing rules, organizing world championships, and promoting the sport internationally. They are members of the International Olympic Committee.
International Olympic Committee (IOC)
The International Olympic Committee is the international organization that governs the modern Olympic Games.
International Paralympic Committee (IPC)
The International Paralympic Committee is the international organization that governs the Paralympic games. While they work in partnership with the IOC, they are a separate governing entity.
Players Unions
A players union is a work collective for players in certain sports. This includes the National Basketball Players Association (NBPA), Women’s National Basketball Players Association (WNBPA), the National Football League Players Association (NFLPA), National Women’s Soccer League Players Association (NWSLPA), and the Major League Baseball Players Association (MLBPA). These unions negotiate player rights such as pension plans, salary guidelines, and health care.
National Governing Bodies of Sport (US context, and similar for other countries)
National Governing Bodies are the organizations that govern the national sports that represent a country in the Olympics or Paralympics. In the US this includes a list of over 40 sport organizations that are members of the USOPC (US Olympic and Paralympic Committee). Sports that are not represented in the Olympics and Paralympics may still have a recognized sports organization (for example, USA Cheer, USA Cricket, USA Kickboxing, National Football League).
United States Criminal Legal System
The criminal legal system is a complex network of institutions and processes designed to uphold laws and maintain order through three main components: law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The criminal legal system is organized based on jurisdiction (area it has control over). Each state has its own systems, laws and procedures. And the nation has an overarching criminal legal system, under Federal law.
In the area of sports, child abuse laws apply to coaches and others in the sport world. The criminal legal system may be activated when there has be a crime against a person caused by a person or organization that has violated a law at the state or federal level, such as sexual assault and/or physical assault. The criminal legal system can be activated even without the survivor/victim participating when there has been a crime against the state because a law has been violated.
United States Civil Legal System
The civil legal system handles private disputes between individuals or organizations, focusing on compensation for damages. In sports, the civil legal systems can be a way to hold individuals or organizations responsible for harms against an athlete.
Education Systems (Title IX and state-specific laws) (US specific context)
Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 is an anti-sex discrimination law that applies to sexual abuse and misconduct, as well as other cases of sex-based discrimination in educational settings that receive federal funding. (Nearly all schools, both public and private, receive federal funding.) States have also developed their own laws around educational sex-discrimination. In some cases, state law provides even greater protections than Title IX.
Employment systems (Title VII and state-specific laws) (US specific context)
Employment sex-based discrimination is an administrative system that regulates sex-based and other forms of unlawful discrimination in the employment context/workplace. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 provides for protections and remedies for discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex (including pregnancy, sexual orientation, and gender identity), and national origin. Many states have additional protections and remedies against discrimination in the workplace that may be even more protective and extensive than the federal law of Title VII.
